Immunotherapies targeting the programmed death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand1 (PD-L1) pathway, either administered as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, have transformed the lung cancer treatment.' While the inclusion of chemotherapy to anti-PD-L1 may provide early disease control, adding anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) to anti- PD-L1 with or without chemotherapy may confer long-term survival benefits for some patients. 1
POSEIDON is a randomized, open label, multicenter phase 3 study evaluating durvalumab with and without tremelimumab in combination with chemotherapy regimens as first-line treatment for squamous or non-squamous metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC).' The eligible patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) received a combined regimen of durvalumab, tremelimumab, and chemotherapy. Progression-free survival significantly improved for patients receiving durvalumab plus chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone, with a positive trend for overall survival that did not reach statistical significance.'