Heart failure (HF) is global pandemic affecting at least 26 million people worldwide in 2017 and has been increasing in prevalence.1 In 2020, HF plus other heart diseases caused an age-standardized death rate of 34.0 per 100,000 standard population in Hong Kong.2 Previously, patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were treated with a foundational triple therapy including β-blockers, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors [including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)] or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), as well as mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs).3 With reference to the recent data supporting the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in patients with chronic HFrEF regardless of the diabetes status, it is noted that comprehensive diseasemodifying quadruple therapy has now become the new standard of care for HFrEF patients.4,5 In a recent interview with Omnihealth Practice, Professor Siu, Chung-Wah David shared his insights on the application of SGLT2i in HFrEF treatment.
