Since 1990, obesity rates have more than doubled, impacting 2.5 billion adults globally and increasing the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, especially in high-income countries. Postmenopausal women also show increased susceptibility to T2D and CVD. Whether CVD or T2D modifies the relationship between adiposity and postmenopausal breast cancer risk is not well understood.

Atrial fibrillation, a distinct form of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.¹ It increases the risk of CKD patients developing stroke.² Intervention with warfarin is prevalent in patients with atrial fibrillation,

Studies have shown a link between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and the development of subclinical atherosclerosis.¹ One study associated neighborhood deprivation and low social cohesion with